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NECO Agricultural Science OBJ Answers 2025
01-10: BEBDAEBDCC
11-20: EECBEEDDAD
21-30: DBADBEECBB
31-40: EBCEAADCCA
41-50: DDECDEEAEA
51-60: CCBACAEDDB
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NECO Agricultural Science Essay Answers 2025
NOTE; YOU ARE TO ANSWER FIVE (5) QUESTIONS IN ALL PICK ONE FROM EACH SECTION A-E
We wish you all the Best Enjoy!!!
Number 1
(1a)
Agriculture is the science and art of cultivating plants and rearing livestock for human use, including the production of food, fiber, and other products.
(1bi)
(i)Promotion of climate-smart agricultural practices
(ii)Implementation of irrigation systems.
(iii)Development of drought-resistant and flood-tolerant crop varieties
(1bii)
(i)Support for smallholder farmers
(ii)Creation of rural employment opportunities
(iii)Provision of rural infrastructure and amenities
(1c)
(i)Wear appropriate protective gear, including gloves, masks, and protective clothing.
(ii)Read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions and safety guidelines on the chemical label.
(iii)Avoid spraying during windy conditions to prevent drift and contamination of non-target areas.
(iv)Ensure proper storage and disposal of chemicals and empty containers to prevent environmental pollution.
(1d)
(i)Increases efficiency and speed of farm operations.
(ii)Reduces labor requirements and associated costs.
(iii)Improves timeliness of operations, leading to better yields.
(iv)Enhances the quality and uniformity of farm produce.
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Number 2
(2a)
(i)Customary land tenure system.
(ii)Freehold land tenure system.
(iii)Leasehold land tenure system.
(2b)
(i)Policy formulation and implementation to support agricultural growth.
(ii)Provision of agricultural extension services and research.
(iii)Development and maintenance of agricultural infrastructure (e.g., roads, irrigation schemes).
(2c)
(i)Heifer International.
(ii)ActionAid Nigeria.
(iii)Synergos Institute.
(2d)
(i)Use of tractors for plowing and harrowing, reducing manual labor.
(ii)Application of harvesters for efficient and timely harvesting of crops.
(iii)Utilization of irrigation equipment for controlled water supply to crops.
(2e)
(i)High initial capital investment for machinery.
(ii)Requires specialized skills for operation and maintenance.
(iii)Can lead to displacement of manual labor.
(iv)Potential for environmental damage if not managed properly (e.g., soil compaction).
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Number 3
(3ai)
soil profile is a vertical cross-section of the soil, extending from the surface down to the parent material, showing the different distinct layers or horizons that have formed over time.
(3aii)
(3b)
(i)Leaching of basic cations (e.g., calcium, magnesium) from the soil.
(ii)Decomposition of organic matter, releasing organic acids.
(iii)Application of acid-forming fertilizers.
(iv)Acid rain, which introduces acidic compounds into the soil.
(3c)
(i)Broadcasting: Spreading fertilizer uniformly over the entire field surface. This method is suitable for crops with dense planting and where roots are spread widely.
(ii)Placement: Applying fertilizer in localized areas near the seeds or plants. This includes methods like banding (placing fertilizer in strips) and drilling (placing fertilizer in rows along with seeds). It minimizes nutrient loss and ensures efficient uptake by plants.
(iii)Foliar Application: Spraying liquid fertilizer directly onto the leaves of plants. This method allows for quick absorption of nutrients, especially micronutrients, and is effective for correcting nutrient deficiencies rapidly.
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Number 4
(4a)
(i)Microorganisms decompose organic matter, releasing nutrients and forming humus, which improves soil structure and fertility.
(ii)Some microorganisms, like nitrogen-fixing bacteria, convert atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for plants, enriching the soil.
(iii)Fungi form mycorrhizal associations with plant roots, enhancing nutrient and water uptake by the plant and contributing to soil aggregation.
(iv)Microbes can break down parent material, aiding in the weathering process and the formation of new soil particles.
(4bi)
(i)Magnesium is a central component of the chlorophyll molecule, essential for photosynthesis.
(ii)It activates many enzymes involved in plant growth and metabolism, including those for energy transfer and protein synthesis.
(4bii)
(i)Interveinal chlorosis, where yellowing occurs between the leaf veins while the veins remain green.
(ii)Stunted growth and premature leaf drop in severe cases.
(4c)
(i) Green manure: Crops grown specifically to be incorporated into the soil while still green to improve soil fertility and structure.
(ii) Farmyard manure: A mixture of animal excreta, bedding material, and leftover feed, used as an organic fertilizer to enrich soil.
(iii) Compost manure: Decomposed organic matter, such as plant residues and kitchen waste, broken down by microorganisms to create a nutrient-rich soil amendment.
(4d)
(i)Biotic components (living organisms)
(ii)Abiotic components (non-living physical and chemical factors)
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Number 5
(5ai)
Oil palm requires high, well-distributed rainfall (typically 2,000-3,000 mm annually) for optimal growth and yield.
(5aii)
Seedlings are typically transplanted from the nursery to the field when they are around 12-18 months old.
(5aiii)
Oil palm requires balanced fertilization, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium, to ensure healthy growth and high yields.
(5aiv)
(i)Weed control: Regular weeding is crucial to minimize competition for nutrients and water.
(ii)Pruning: Removal of old or diseased fronds to improve light penetration and air circulation.
(iii)Pollination: Assisting pollination, especially in areas with insufficient natural pollinators, can increase fruit set.
(5av)
(i)Ganoderma basal stem rot
(ii)Fusarium wilt
(iii)Bud rot
(5b)
(i)Direct sowing of seeds
(ii)Transplanting seedlings or cuttings
(iii)Division of bulbs or rhizomes
(5c)
(i)Mulching
(ii)Hand weeding or hoeing
(iii)Crop rotation
(iv)Cover cropping
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Number 6
(6a)
(i)Reduced crop yield due to damage to plant parts.
(ii)Decreased quality of harvested produce, leading to lower market value.
(iii)Increased production costs due to pest control measures (e.g., pesticides).
(iv)Transmission of plant diseases, causing further losses.
(6bi)
Cassava mosaic:
(i)Yellowing and distortion of leaves, often with a mosaic pattern.
(ii)Stunted plant growth.
(6bii)
Groundnut rosette:
(i)Severe stunting and rosetting of leaves.
(ii)Chlorosis and mosaic patterns on leaves.
(6biii)
Root knot of okra:
(i)Formation of galls or swellings on roots.
(ii)Stunted growth and yellowing of leaves (nutrient deficiency due to damaged roots).
(6c)
(i) One material for propagation: Yam sett (a piece of the yam tuber with skin and eyes).
(ii) Soil requirement: Well-drained, fertile, loose, and deep loamy or sandy-loam soils are ideal.
(iii) Land preparation: Involves clearing, ploughing, harrowing, and making mounds or ridges.
(iv) Planting date: Varies with region, but typically at the onset of the rainy season.
(v) Spacing: Appropriate spacing between mounds or ridges and between plants is crucial for optimal growth and yield.
(vi) One cultural practice: Staking (providing support for the yam vines to climb).
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Number 7
(7ai)
(i)Reduced productivity (e.g., lower milk yield, slower growth rates).
(ii)Increased cost of treatment and prevention.
(iii)Loss of animals due to mortality.
(iv)Reduced market value of affected animals or products.
(7aii)
(i)Vaccination.
(ii)Proper sanitation and hygiene.
(iii)Quarantine of new animals.
(iv)Biosecurity measures (e.g., restricting visitor access).
(v)Good nutrition and management practices.
(vi)Parasite control.
(7b)
(i)Slaughtering of infected and exposed animals.
(ii)Strict movement control of animals and products.
(iii)Vaccination in endemic areas.
(iv)Disinfection of premises and equipment.
(7c)
(i)Estrogen.
(ii)Testosterone.
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Number 8
(8a)
(i)Ruminants have a multi-compartmented stomach (e.g., four chambers), while non-ruminants have a single-chambered stomach.
(ii)Ruminants chew cud (regurgitate and re-chew partially digested food), while non-ruminants do not.
(8b)
(i)Transport of oxygen and nutrients.
(ii)Removal of waste products.
(iii)Regulation of body temperature.
(iv)Defense against disease (immune response).
(8c)
(i)High humidity can lead to fungal growth on eggs, affecting quality.
(ii)Extremely low humidity can cause excessive moisture loss from eggs, leading to dehydration and reduced hatchability.
(iii)Optimal humidity is crucial for proper embryonic development during incubation.
(8d)
“Fatten-up” refers to the process of feeding cattle with a high-energy diet to increase their body weight and muscle mass, typically for meat production, often in a feedlot setting.
(8e)
(i)Development of female secondary sexual characteristics.
(ii)Regulation of the estrous cycle.
(iii)Preparation of the uterus for pregnancy
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Number 9
(9a)
Agricultural insurance is a risk management tool designed to protect farmers from financial losses due to unforeseen events such as natural disasters, crop failure, livestock diseases, or market price fluctuations.
(9b)
(i)Connects producers with consumers.
(ii)Ensures fair prices for agricultural products.
(iii)Facilitates distribution and accessibility of food.
(iv)Stimulates agricultural production and economic growth.
(9c)
(9d)
The group method involves sharing new agricultural ideas and practices with farmers collectively through organized meetings, field demonstrations, farmer groups, or cooperatives, fostering peer learning and adoption.
(9e)
(i)Dissemination of agricultural information and technologies.
(ii)Capacity building and skill development for farmers.
(iii)Promotion of sustainable agricultural practices.
(iv)Facilitation of farmer access to resources and markets.
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Number 10
(10a)
Agricultural finance refers to the financial resources, services, and institutions that facilitate the production, processing, and marketing of agricultural products.
(10bi)
The salvage value is the estimated resale value of an asset at the end of its useful life. In this case, the salvage value is the price at which the planter was sold.
Salvage value = ₦60,000.00
(10bii)
Total depreciation is the total reduction in the value of an asset over its useful life.
Total depreciation = Original cost – Salvage value
Total depreciation = ₦200,000.00 – ₦60,000.00 = ₦140,000.00
(10biii)
Annual depreciation is the amount of depreciation expense allocated to each year of an asset’s useful life.
Number of years = 2020 – 2010 = 10 years
Annual depreciation = Total depreciation / Number of years
Annual depreciation = ₦140,000.00 / 10 = ₦14,000.00
(10c)
Diagram
(10d)
(i)Smallholder farmers
(ii)Youth in agriculture
(iii)Women in agriculture
(10e)
(i)Farm and Home Visits
(ii)Individual letters or personalized communication
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